{
  "id": "ARXO-2026-0436",
  "url": "https://arxo.io/findings/ARXO-2026-0436/",
  "record_kind": "question",
  "class": "question",
  "class_label": "Question of reading or data",
  "jurisdiction": "EU",
  "jurisdiction_detail": "European Union",
  "act": "Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 (Rome I)",
  "acts": [
    "Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 (Rome I)",
    "Regulation (EC) No 864/2007 (Rome II)"
  ],
  "location": "Article 11(1), Latvian version",
  "text": {
    "en": {
      "title": "Rome I, Latvian version: does Article 11(1) on formal validity cover persons in the same country, as in the other versions?",
      "summary": "The other versions cover in paragraph 1 a contract between persons in the same country and in paragraph 2 persons in different countries. In the Latvian text both paragraphs cover persons in different countries.",
      "impact": "For a contract signed by two parties in the same country, the Latvian text of paragraphs 1 and 2 gives no rule on which laws can make it formally valid.",
      "correction": "The lawyer-linguists could say whether the wording should be aligned with the other versions: replace different countries with the same country in Latvian Article 11(1).",
      "quote_translations": {
        "q1": "who at the time of conclusion are in different countries"
      }
    },
    "lv": {
      "title": "Roma I, latviešu valodas versija: vai 11. panta 1. punkts par līguma formālo spēkā esamību attiecas uz personām, kas atrodas vienā un tajā pašā valstī, kā citās versijās?",
      "summary": "Pārējās versijās 1. punkts attiecas uz līgumu starp personām, kas atrodas vienā un tajā pašā valstī, bet 2. punkts — uz līgumu starp personām, kas atrodas dažādās valstīs. Latviešu tekstā abi punkti attiecas uz personām, kas atrodas dažādās valstīs.",
      "impact": "Attiecībā uz līgumu, ko parakstījušas divas puses vienā un tajā pašā valstī, latviešu teksta 1. un 2. punkts nenosaka, saskaņā ar kuras valsts tiesību aktiem līgums var būt formāli spēkā.",
      "correction": "Juristi lingvisti varētu norādīt, vai formulējums būtu jāsaskaņo ar pārējām valodu versijām: latviešu teksta 11. panta 1. punktā vārdus „dažādās valstīs“ aizstāt ar vārdiem „vienā un tajā pašā valstī“."
    }
  },
  "status": {
    "badge": "reported",
    "label": {
      "en": "Reported",
      "ru": "Сообщено"
    },
    "conclusion": "confirmed",
    "official_text": "unchanged",
    "addressee": "none",
    "last_checked": "2026-10-31",
    "fixed_on": null,
    "correction_type": null,
    "under_review": false
  },
  "origin": "A language version",
  "evidence": {
    "method": "Pair of quotations",
    "quotes": [
      {
        "location": "q1",
        "source": "Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 (Rome I), Official Journal, Latvian version",
        "role": "Language version",
        "language": "lv",
        "edition": "published",
        "locator": "Article 11(1) (Latvian)",
        "text": "kas līguma noslēgšanas brīdī ir dažādās valstīs",
        "translations": {
          "en": "who at the time of conclusion are in different countries"
        },
        "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/LV/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008R0593",
        "sha256": "d0028ccd5870f14af9cf33ce94867522f4fd1ff02a93a64ce0dd1070e6964fa5",
        "retrieved": "2026-10-31",
        "copy": "sources/d0028ccd5870f14a-lav.xhtml",
        "copy_sha256": "d0028ccd5870f14af9cf33ce94867522f4fd1ff02a93a64ce0dd1070e6964fa5",
        "copy_kind": "copy of the official file"
      },
      {
        "location": "q2",
        "source": "Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 (Rome I), Official Journal, English version",
        "role": "Normative text",
        "language": "en",
        "edition": "published",
        "locator": "Article 11(1) (English)",
        "text": "are in the same country at the time of its conclusion",
        "translations": {},
        "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008R0593",
        "sha256": "2f33c017cfb9fac3ae950388e1dd1210ea23474c70f7c6a3e653226af586b941",
        "retrieved": "2026-10-31",
        "copy": "sources/2f33c017cfb9fac3-eng.xhtml",
        "copy_sha256": "2f33c017cfb9fac3ae950388e1dd1210ea23474c70f7c6a3e653226af586b941",
        "copy_kind": "copy of the official file"
      }
    ]
  },
  "impact_shown": false,
  "notified": [
    {
      "date": "2026-10-31T13:12:59Z",
      "institution": "Council of the European Union, General Secretariat, Directorate for Quality of Legislation",
      "channel": "email",
      "reference": "Message-ID: <CAH-SH70ZbQP3i+XHyoG_2YvrdzeuSRWyOqzu9hnEYRN0Wq-YyA@mail.gmail.com>"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-31T13:12:56Z",
      "institution": "European Parliament, Directorate for Legislative Acts",
      "channel": "email",
      "reference": "Message-ID: <CAH-SH73wRJpLRgo=g--ww+78cgCogZyxROz8dJX0vAD8VFp6ug@mail.gmail.com>"
    }
  ],
  "responsible": [
    {
      "institution": "Council of the European Union, General Secretariat, Directorate for Quality of Legislation",
      "role": "lawyer-linguists of the co-legislator; corrigendum procedure"
    },
    {
      "institution": "European Parliament, Directorate for Legislative Acts",
      "role": "lawyer-linguists of the co-legislator; corrigendum procedure"
    }
  ],
  "responses": [],
  "approval": "2026-10-31",
  "ai_role": {
    "en": "AI models helped read and compare the texts and review the draft letters."
  },
  "credit": [],
  "press_date": null,
  "earlier_publications": [],
  "reproduction": [],
  "sources": [],
  "related": [],
  "first_published": "2026-10-31T14:22:13+00:00",
  "history": [
    {
      "date": "2026-10-31",
      "event": "confirmed",
      "text": "Confirmed by Arxo"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-31",
      "event": "entered",
      "text": "Entered in the register"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-31",
      "event": "reported",
      "text": "Reported to Council of the European Union, General Secretariat, Directorate for Quality of Legislation (e-mail)"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-10-31",
      "event": "reported",
      "text": "Reported to European Parliament, Directorate for Legislative Acts (e-mail)"
    }
  ]
}